The Story Behind the Spreadsheet Program

In 1978, a Harvard Business student named Dan Bricklin got tired of adding up columns of numbers – and adding them up again after making a few changes – just to assess the effect of the merger. Bricklin, who knew little about computers from summer jobs at Wang and other firms, came up with the idea of a spreadsheet program running on a personal computer.

Bricklin’s teachers together with a programmer friend, Bob Frankston, produced Visicalc. It is a program for apple II computer. This marks an important new chapter in American enterprise, the Electronic spreadsheet.

Lecture 1 EXCEL

Starting Excel

Excel is a spreadsheet program that can help you create worksheets and invoices and do simple and sophisticated number crunching; it is designed to help you calculate the results of formulas and help you organize and analyze numerical data.

To start Excel from the Windows desktop, follow these steps:

1.      Click the Start button, and the Start menu appears.

2.      Point at All Programs (in Windows XP; in Windows 2000 select Programs), and the Programs menu appears.

3.      Select the Microsoft Office program group and then Microsoft Office Excel 2003 to start the program.

Second Grading Lecture 1

Getting Started in Word

When you open the Word application, you’re faced with a blank slate—a big white space, awaiting your text. This white area (also known as the document window) is surrounded by tools. You’ll find toolbars, menus, a task pane, a status bar, and lots of tools and features to empower you as you write your letter, memo, report—whatever it is you’re creating.

The blank page also contains a cursor, also known as an insertion point. Whenever the document is active, the cursor will be blinking, waiting for you to type. The fact that the cursor greets you when you open a new Word document is further proof that you don’t need to know much about Word to create a document. Just start typing at the cursor, and Word’s default settings for text handling and formatting will do much of the rest.

Working with Word Wrap

As you type your text, it’s important that you really just type. Don’t worry about your margins or press ENTER in anticipation of running into the right margin. Word will automatically flow your text from one line to the next, using a feature called word wrap. Word wrap only works if you let it.

Fourth Year: Lecture 2

ELEMENTS OF A WEB SITE

Just like other windows, any web site has a title bar, a menu bar, and a toolbar. The title bar shows the current site being used while the menu bar shows available list command options like file, edit, view, favorites, tools and help. By clicking the Go button, one can go to the web site that appears in the address bar. On the right side of the window, the scroll bar appears where you can scroll up and down on the page.

Fourth Year: Lecture 1

THE INTERNET

The Internet, also called the net, is an electronic communication device. It is one of the largest networks that link millions or trillions of computers all over the world. Internet is simply there and no one knows exactly how many computers are connected to the Internet.